Technical
textile
The
technical textile is a textile product manufactured for non-aesthetic purposes,
where function is the primary criterion. Technical textiles include
textiles for automotive applications, medical textiles, geotextiles, agro
textiles, and protective clothing.
The sector is large growing and supports a vast array of other industries. The global growth rate of technical textiles is about 4% per year, which is greater
than the growth rate of home and apparel textiles which are growing at a rate of 1% per year. Currently, technical textile materials are most widely used in
filter clothing, furniture, hygiene medicals, geotextiles, agro textiles, and
construction materials.
Types
of technical textile
It
can be divided into many sections depending on their end-use. The taxonomy
system was developed by Techtextil, and the Messe Frankfurt exhibition GmbH is
widely used in Europe, North America, and Asia. Techtextil describes some
special application areas: Agrotech, Buildtech, Clothtech, Geotech, Hometech,
Indutech, Medtech, Mobiltech, Oekotech, Packtech, Protect, Spartech,
Architect, Military Textile, Autotech, and Smartech. They are sometimes spelled
Agrotech, Buildtex, Clothtex, Geotex, Hometex, Inditex, Medtex, Mobiltex,
Oekotex (Ecotex), Packtex, Protex, and Sportex.
1. Buildtech or construction textiles
Construction
Textiles are used in concrete reinforcement, facade foundation systems,
interior construction, insulation, roofing materials, air conditioning, sound
resistance, visual protection, sun protection, and building protection.
An
interesting and aesthetically appealing application is the use of textile
membranes for roof construction. This region is also called textile
architecture. PVC-coated high-significance PES, Teflon-coated glass fiber
cloth, or silicone-coated PES are used for their low creep properties. Great
examples of this type of construction are found in football stadiums, airports,
and hotels.
2. Clothtech or clothing textiles
Technical
textiles for garment applications. Technical textiles support the fabric for
smooth processing, especially in the finishing process where the fabric is
treated under pressure and high temperature. It is usually a blend of
polyester, model, viscose, nylon, etc.
3. Geotech or geotextiles
These
are used in the reinforcement or construction of dams. Fabrics in geotextiles are
permeable fabrics and are used in soils with the ability to separate, filter,
protect, or drain. Areas of application include civil engineering, earth and
road construction, dam engineering, soil ceiling, and sewerage systems. The
fabric is used for good strength, durability, low moisture absorption, and
thickness. Most non-woven and woven fabrics are used in it.
Synthetic
fibers such as glass, polypropylene, and acrylic fibers are used to prevent the
cracking of concrete, plastics, and other building materials. Polypropylene
and polyester are used in geotextiles and dry/liquid filtration due to their
suitability.
4. Hometech or domestic textiles
It
was used in a household environment - interior decoration and furniture,
carpeting, sun protection, cushion materials, fireproofing, pillows, floor, and
wall coverings, and textile reinforcing structures/fittings.
Building,
ship, caravan, bus, and fire-retardant materials are used for such a large field in
the contract market. Fire retardant properties are obtained either by using
inherent fire-retardant fibers such as modern acrylic or by applying a coating
with fire-retardant additives.
5. Indutech or industrial Textiles
Industrial
textile technology is used for textiles related to chemical and electrical
applications and mechanical engineering. Silk-screen printing, filtration,
plasma screens, propulsion technology, lifting/conveying equipment,
sound-proofing material, smelting process, roll cover, grinding technology,
insulation, seal, fuel cell, etc.
6. Lifting textiles
It
is used in the process of lifting heavy goods. The textile produced is strongly
woven with high positive yarn and the fabric is treated by controlling its
expansion with heat and high temperature. It is usually made of high-positive
polyester and nylon but HMPE yarn is also used as dynamite.
7. Mobiltech
These
textiles are used to make automobiles, railways, ships, aircraft, and
spacecraft. Examples are Truck covers, car trunk coverings, lashing belts for
cargo tie-downs, seat covers, seat belts, non-wovens for cabin air filtration,
airbags, parachutes, boats, and air balloons. Carbon composites are mostly used in
the manufacture of airplane parts while carbon fiber is used for making
higher-end tires. High-tensile polyester is used to make air balloons.
8. Oekotech or Ecotech
Modern
applications for textiles in environmental protection applications - floor
sealing, erosion protection, air cleaning, water pollution prevention, water
cleaning, waste treatment/recycling, land volume construction, product
drainage, and domestic drainage plants.
9. Packtech or packaging textiles
Packtech
is used in packaging, silos, containers, bags, lashing straps, canvas covers, and
marquee tents.
10. Pro-tech or protective textiles
The main goal of technological protective clothing is to improve the safety of
people in their workplaces. A portion of technological protective fabric can
save a worker's life, so most of them are used to manufacture personal
protective equipment. Demand for this specialty has grown significantly as a
result of recent corporate scandals around the world. There are some companies
around the world that describe the requirements and rules for filling any
fabric considered a technical protective fabric. The purpose of technical
protective fabrics is not fashion, they are designed to have extra value to
protect them from certain dangers.
Nowadays
it can be found in the market, technical fabrics which protect of:
a.
High temperatures (insulating, firefighters),
b.
burns (flame, convective and radiant heat, firefighters, ATEX area).
c.
Electric arc flash discharge (plasma explosion, Electric companies)
d.
molten metal impacts (foundries)
e.
metal sparks (welding)
f.
acid environment (petrochemical, gas, refineries, chemical)
h.
bullet impact (military, security)
i.
cut resistant (gloves, glass industry)
j.
astronaut's suits
k.
Leftover food packets, Paid banks, etc.
These fabrics
are made of different kinds of fibers:
a.
Meta-Para aramids – Nomex: high resistance, tear, tensile strength, expensive,
b.
Wool viscose polyamide – marlin: repellency of molten metal, heat insulation,
transparency.
c.
Glass fiber - High resistance, insulating.
d.
Modacrylic cotton – electric arc flash protection, comfort, flame-resistant,
multi-norm, efficient, skin-friendly, antistatic.
e.
Polyamide – Kevlar: extreme resistance, low aging.
11.
Sportech or Sports textiles
Shoes,
sports equipment, flying and sailing sports, climbing, angling, cycling,
winter, and summer sports, and indoor sports can vary from anything including sports
bags.
12. Conveyor belts
Technical
textiles are used in conveyor belts for industrial applications and power
transmission. The carcass is a piece of fabric inside the conveyor belt, which
is responsible for the strength and stretching properties of the belt. This
body is bound together with layers of woven fabric.
13. Electronics in textiles
It
is rumored that textiles will soon be integrated with electronics in all
fields. Wearable computers will be introduced in the future, they will not be
like advanced wristwatches, etc. They will have ICS in the fabric to develop
fabric keyboards and other wearable computing devices. This type of product is
known as Interactive Electronic Textile (IET). Research is being conducted in
many universities to support the development of IET. Growing consumer interest
in mobile, electronic devices will start to demand IET products.
Conclusion
Textiles
are used in many sectors nowadays. Technical textile is a part of those.
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