Wool Fibre
Wools
are a textile fiber derived from sheep and other animals, including camel wool
with a small percentage of lipids, from goat to cashmere and mohair, from
muskoxen to qiviut, from bison to hide and wool clothing, from rabbit to
angora, and other types of wool. Contains protein. In this case, it is
chemically dominant textile cotton from cellulose which is relatively
different.
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| Wool fiber |
Raw
wool contains a lot of impurities like vegetable matter, sand, dirt, and yolks
which are a mixture of the suit (sweat), grease, urine stains, and dung locks.
Wool is produced by follicles that are small cells located in the skin. These
follicles are located in the upper layer of the skin called the epidermis, and
as the wool fibers grow, they descend to the second skin layer called the
dermis. Follicles can be classified as primary or secondary follicles. Primary
follicles produce three types of fiber: Kemp, modulated fiber, and true wool
fiber. Secondary follicles form only true fur fibers. The modulated fibers
share almost the same properties as the hair and are long but lack cream and
elasticity. Kemp fibers are very thick and shed out. Due to the cream, wool
fabrics contain more than other textiles and they contain air, which keeps the
fabric warm.
The
quality of wool is determined by its fiber diameter, crimp, yield, color, and
main strength. Fiber diameter is the single most important feature of wool in
terms of quality and pricing. Wool is also divided into grades based on the
diameter of wool measured in micron and its style. These grades may vary
according to the type and purpose of the wool. More than 25 microns of wool can
be used for fine clothing, while coarse grades are used for outerwear or rugs.
The finer the wool, the softer it is, but thicker grades are more durable and
less prone to peeling.
Hair
Hair
is a protein filament, not textile fiber which grows from follicles found in
the dermis. It is one of the defining characteristics of mammals. The human
body apart from areas of glabrous skin is covered in follicles that produce
thick terminal and fine vellus hair. Every hair is a bundle of a protein called
keratin that grows up out of a structure called the hair follicle. Hair
follicles cover all of your skin, except on the palms of your hands and the soles
of your feet.
Humans
have two types of hair: Vellus hairs are the soft, fine, "peach fuzz"
hairs you may see on your face, stomach, and back if you're a woman. Terminal
hair is long, coarse, and dark, and grows in the scalp, pubic, and armpit areas
in both men and women. A most common interest in hair is focused on hair
growth, hair types, and hair care but hair is also an important biomaterial
primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin. It is not textile fiber
because it hasn’t twisted properties. For that reason, not made yarn from hair,
not made textile products. The hair is made up of the materials carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur. There are four types of hair such as straight,
wavy, curly, and kinky.
Physical Properties of wool
a. The color of wool fiber may be white, brown, or
black.
b. Standard elongation is 25-35% in dry and
30-50% in wet conditions.
c. The tensile strength of
wool
is 1-1.7 in dry and 0.8-1.6 in wet conditions.
d. Moisture regain(MR%)- 16.0 and Moisture
content(MC%)-13.8
e. Elastic recovery is good. Each fiber is
somewhat elastic which allows it to stretch by 25 to 30 percent before
breaking.
f. Wool has several qualities such as crimped
and elastic.
g. The cross-sectional view is oval to roughly
circular.
h. It has to scale and crimp.
Chemical Properties of Wool
a. Hot concentrated Sulphuric acid attack and
decompose the wool.
b. Strong alkali effect on wool but weak is
not.
c. Wool
fiber may be dyed by the basic dye, direct dye, and mainly acid dye.
d. Wool fiber doesn’t affect by organic
solvent.
e. Wool fiber affected by insects.
f. Wool is attacked by oxidizing agents or
bleaches such as H2O2, NaOCl, and Calcium hypochlorite.
g. Wool keratin decomposes under the action of
sunlight.
h. Wool becomes weak and losses its softness
when heated at the temperature of boiling water.
Chemical composition of wool
Keratin
-33%
Grease
-28%
Impurities
-26%
Suint
-12%
Mineral
-1%
Chemical
Composition of Keratin-
Carbon
– 50%
Nitrogen
– 25%
Hydrogen
– 12%
Oxygen
– 10%
Sulpher
– 3%
Conclusion
Wool
and hair both are from protein keratin. Wool has to crimp, scaling and twisting
properties that’s why it is used in textile and hair hasn’t those properties
that’s why it is not a textile product.
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