Describe various kinds of textile finishing process.

Introduction

The term textile finishing is used to refer to a type of process that covers all bleached, colored, printed, and certain gray fabrics before being put on the market. The purpose of textile finishing is to render textile products appropriate for their intended or end-use and/or to enhance the efficiency of the fabric service.

Various kinds of the textile finishing process

Fabric finishing is done for both aesthetic and functional purposes to improve the quality and appearance of the fabric. By applying one or more finishing processes the fabric can get a substantial added value. Below are some textile finishing processes-

Calendaring

Calendaring is a finishing process that is used to smooth, coat, and thin any material. With textiles, the fabric goes through calendar rollers at high temperatures and pressures. It is used to create its water-repellent effect on fabrics such as myrrh and on cambric and some types of satin. To prepare the calendaring, the fabric is folded lengthwise through the inside, along the front or face, and sewn along the edges. The fabric can be folded together over the entire width, but not as often as it is difficult. The fabric is then rolled through rollers that polish the surface and make the fabric smoother and more lustrous. High temperatures and pressures are used as well. Fabrics that go through the calendaring process feel thin, glossy and paper feel the wash durability of calendared finishes in thermoplastic fibers such as polyester are higher than cellulose fibers like cotton. Depending on the equipment and process conditions used.

Raising process

An important and oldest textile finish is brushed or enhanced. This process can be used to produce a variety of fabrics, including blankets, flannels, and industrial fabrics. The lifting process consists of lifting from the body of the fabric a layer of fiber that stands on the surface known as a “pile”. The formation of piles on fabric can result in a "high" handle and the fabric can be subdued or subdued in pattern and color.

There are two types of raising machines; Teasel machines and card-wire machines. The speed of the card-wire hoisting machine varies from 12-15 yards per minute, which is 20-30% higher than that of the teasel-hoist. This is why the card-wire lifting machine is widely used.

Crease resistance

The main drawback of cotton fabric is the crease formation of woven or woven fabric containing cellulose when washing or folding. The molecular chains of cotton fibers are attached to each other with weak hydrogen bonds. During washing or folding, the hydrogen bonds break easily and after drying the new hydrogen bonds form with the chains in their new position and the crease is stabilized. If crosslinks can be introduced into the polymer chain through cross-linking chemicals, it strengthens the cotton fibers and prevents permanent displacement of the polymer chain when the fibers are pressed. So it is much more difficult to shrink in favor of crease formation or while washing clothes.

Softening process

The fibers on the fabric surface squash and burn and make the laundry feel stiff when air-dried. Adding liquid fabric softeners to the final wash makes the laundry feel softer. Fabric softeners are usually in liquid form, which is added to the washing machine during the washing cycle; Or as a dryer sheet which is added to the wet laundry at the beginning of the drying cycle. Liquid fabric softeners can be designed for this purpose during the washing cycle or on the machine automatically.

Fabric softeners cover the surface of a fabric with chemical compounds that are electrically charged, causing the threads to stand up from the surface and thus give a soft and fluffy texture. Cationic softeners are bound by negatively attracted electrons to negatively charged groups on the surface of the fibers and neutralize their charge. The long aliphatic chains then move to the outside of the fiber, giving lubrication.

Fabric softeners provide antistatic properties to fabrics and thus prevent an increase in electrostatic charge in synthetic or man-made fibers, which in turn eliminates fabric grip during handling and wearing, cracking noise, and attracting dust. Also, fabric softeners make fabrics easier to iron and help reduce wrinkles on garments. In addition, they reduce drying times so that energy is stored when soft laundry breaks down. Last but not least, these can also provide a fragrant aroma in the laundry.

Water-repellent process

The water-repellent coating is basically just one step above the water-resistant coating. If a device is labeled as water-repellent, it actually has the properties in which you guessed it, make the water hydrophobic. A water-repellent the device, whether indoor, outdoor, or both, is much more likely to be coated with some thin-film nanotechnology and is much more likely to stand in the water than your average device. Many companies claim water-repellency, but the term is hotly debated because a sustainable water repellent is rare and because of all the questions and incredible elements associated with it.

Fire-retardant process

Fire-retardant fabrics are textiles that are more resistant to fire than others through chemical treatment or fireproof fibers produced. The term fire-retardant applied to organic (e.g., carbonated) materials is intended to refer to the reduced risk of fire, as everything will burn under certain conditions. Tests specified in building codes, such as NFPA 701, are accurate flame resistance tests, which test a fabric's ability to prevent ignition, including flame size and duration, in terms of testing.

When a fabric is instinctively designated as fire-retardant, permanently fire-retardant, or aptly fire-retardant, the flame retardant is permanent for the life of the fabric because it was woven into the fabric fiber. Draperies can be laundered or dry-cleaned according to the advice of the draperies manufacturer. In the case of fabrics designated as fire-retardant tops treated with chemicals, the flame retardancy of the fabric will disappear over time, especially with repeated cleaning. Since these chemicals are soluble in liquids - either water or dry cleaning liquids, these fabrics must be dry-cleaned with a liquid-cleaning agent. Fire retardants cover flammable fabrics with mineral-based barriers to prevent fires from reaching the fibers.