Different types of synthetic fibres

Introduction

Synthetic fibers are fibers that are made by humans through chemical synthesis, in contrast to natural fibers are synthetic fibers derived directly from organisms based on chemicals or petrochemicals based on raw materials such as petroleum.

Synthetic Fiber: The fiber that we make from different types of chemicals like polyester, acrylic, nylon is called synthetic fiber. Synthetic fibers are primarily used in garment manufacturing, as well as in making geotextiles. Below are the various synthetic fibers-

A. Polyester: Polyester is a polymer that contains the ester functional group in the main chain. As a specific ingredient, it refers to a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include synthetics such as naturally occurring chemicals such as tree cuttings as well as polybutyrate. Natural polyesters and a few synthetics are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not. Material clothing is widely used.

Polyester fibers are sometimes cut together with natural fibers to form a fabric with blended properties. Cotton-polyester blends can be strong, wrinkle, and tear-resistant and reduce shrinkage. Synthetic fibers using polyester have higher water, wind, and environmental resistance than plant-derived fibers. These are less fire resistant and can melt when ignited.

Polyester blends are named to suggest their matching or even superiority with natural fibers. Liquid crystal polyester is one of the first liquid crystal polymers used in the industry. These are used for their mechanical properties and heat resistance. These properties are important in their application as a corrosive seal in jet engines.

B. Nylon: A fiber used in imitation of silk; It is also used in the manufacture of pantyhose. Thick nylon fibers are used in rope and outdoor clothing. Nylon is a generic title for a family of synthetic polymers based on aliphatic or semi-perfumed polyamides. Nylon is a thermoplastic silky material that can be melted-processed into fibers, films, or shapes. It is composed of repeating units linked by amide links similar to the peptide bonds of proteins. Nylon polymers can be mixed with a variety of additives to achieve a wide variety of properties. Nylon polymers have found significant commercial applications in fabrics and fibers (reinforcement of clothing, flooring, and rubber), in shapes (edged parts for cars, electrical equipment, etc.), and in films (mostly for food packaging).

 

C. Aramid: Aramid fibers are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibers. They are used in aerospace and military applications for ballistic-rated body arm fabrics and ballistic combinations, as an alternative to marine cordage, marine hull reinforcement, and asbestos. The chain molecules in a portmanteau fiber of the name "aromatic polyamide" are very illuminated along the axis of the fiber. As a result, a higher ratio of chemical bonds contributes more to fiber strength than many other synthetic fibers. Aramides have a very high melting point (>500 C). Aramid fiber is used for flame-retardant clothing, cut protection, and armor.

D. Acrylic: Acrylic is a fiber used to imitate wool, including cashmere, and is often used in substitution. Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers that can be called "acrylic" in the United States with a molecular weight of about 10000, about 1900 monomer units on average from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile). A polymer must contain at least 85% acrylonitrile monomers. Common comonomers are vinyl acetate or methyl acrylate. Dupont made the first acrylic fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the name Orlon. It was first developed in the mid-1940s but was not mass-produced until the 1950s. Tough and warm, acrylic fiber is often used for sweaters and tracksuits and for lining boots and gloves as well as for decorating fabrics and carpets. It is produced as a filament, then cut into short main lengths like wool hair and cut with yarn.

Modacrylic is a modified acrylic fiber that contains a minimum of 35% and a maximum of 85% acrylonitrile monomer. The commoner used in modacrylic is vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, or vinyl bromide fiber flame retardant properties. Modacrylic end-uses include faux wool, wigs, hair extensions, and protective clothing.

e. Spandex: Spandex, Lycra or Elastane is a synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity properties. It is a polythene-polyuria copolymer that was discovered in 1956 by chemist Joseph Shiver at Dupont's Benzer Laboratory in Weinsbo, Virginia. Spandex (trade name Lycra) is a polyurethane product that can be tight-fitting without obstruction. It is used to make activators, brass, and swimsuits.

f. Olefin: Olefin fibers are synthetic fibers made from polyolefin such as polypropylene or polyethylene. The official definition of olefin fiber by the Federal Trade The commission is a manufactured fiber in which the fiber is made of a long-chain synthetic polymer that is made up of at least 85% by weight of ethylene, propylene, or other olefin units used in wallpapers and carpets. The advantages of olefin are its strength, colorlessness, and comfort, staining, tearing, abrasion, and resistance to sunlight, and its good bulk and cover. Olefin fiber is a fiber used in activewear, lining, and warm clothing. Olives are hydrophobic, allowing them to dry quickly. A soothing feeling of olefin fibers is sold under the name Tyvek.

G. Lurex: It is a metallic fiber used in clothing decoration.

H. Milk fiber: Milk proteins have also been used to make synthetic fabrics. Milk or casein fiber cloth was developed in Germany during the First World War and was further developed in Italy and America in the 1930s. Milk fiber fabric is not very durable and easily wrinkles but it has the same pH as human skin and has anti-bacterial properties. It is marketed as a biodegradable, renewable synthetic fiber.