What is Batik? Describe the different type of Batik.

Introduction

The tradition of making batik is found in different countries; Indonesian batik is, of course, the most well-known. Indonesian batik made on the island of Java has a long history of richness with a variety of designs influenced by different cultures and is the most developed in terms of patterns, techniques, and craftsmanship. In October 2009, UNESCO nominated Indonesian Batik as a masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Batik Print

                                                               

What is Batik?

Batik is an Indonesian method of wax-resist dyeing applied to the whole fabric. This technique originated in Java, Indonesia. Batik is made either by drawing dots and lines of the resist with a spouted tool called a tjanting or by printing the resist with a copper stamp called a cap. The applied wax resists dyes and therefore allows the artisan to color selectively by soaking the cloth in one color, removing the wax with boiling water, and repeating if multiple colors are desired.

Regular Batik Print

                                                

Technique of Batik

To make batik, selected areas of the fabric are brushed or covered with warm wax coating and the fabric is then dyed. The wax-covered parts prevent dyeing and remain the original color. Socks and colored this process can be repeated to create a more elaborate and colorful design. After the final coloring, the wax is removed and the fabric is ready to be worn or shown.

Batik history is historically the most expressive and subtle of the methods of resistance. The ever-expanding technique available allows the available artist to explore a unique process in a flexible and exciting way.

Batik design

                                                 

Type of batik

The different types of batik we have found are as follows-

A. Inland batik

Inland batik is the ancient form of batik tradition known in Java. The inner batik has earthy colors like black, blue, brown, and sogan, sometimes in contrast to a white background, with symbolic patterns that are mostly free from external influences.

B. Coastal batik

Coastal batik is produced in several regions of North Java and Madura. In contrast to indoor batik, coastal batik has vibrant colors and patterns inspired by different cultures as a result of the marine business. Renowned coastal batiks are produced in Pekalongan, Cirebon, Lasem, Tuban, and Madura. Pekalongan has the most active batik industry.

C. Sundanese batik

Sundanese or Parahyangan Batik the word batik comes from the Parahyangan region of West Java and Banten. Although parangan batik can use a wide range of colors, there is some preference for blue. The natural blue color made from Indigofera is one of the oldest colors in Java. The well-known Parahyangan batik is produced in Ciamis, Garut, and Tasikmalaya.

D. Sumatran Batik

Thus, coastal batik from North Java probably influenced Jambi. The people of Minangkabau also make batik called batiak Tanah light (clay batik), which uses clay as a dye for fabric. The fabric was submerged in clay for more than 1 day and later patterned with animal and plant motifs. The batik from Bengkulu, on the west coast of Sumatra, is called batik besurek, which draws inspiration from Arabic calligraphy and literally means "letter batik".

E. Balinese Batik

Batik making on a sand island is a relatively modern, but rapidly growing art. Many patterns are inspired by local designs, which are favored by local Balinese and domestic tourists. Contemporary batik is not limited to traditional themed or functional wear in Bali. Some designers promote batik sand as an elegant fabric that can be used to create casual or formal fabrics. The use of high-class batik-like hand-made batik tulis can show social dignity.

F. Batik in Malaysia

The Malaysian batik making technique is different from the Indonesian Javanese batik, the pattern is larger and simpler and uses canting to create patterns only intricately. It relies too much on brush painting to apply the color of the fabric. The colors tend to be lighter and more vibrant than the colored Javanese batik. The most popular motifs are leaves and flowers. Malaysian batiks often display plants and flowers to avoid interpretation of human and animal images as idolatry.

G. Sri Lankan batik

Sri Lankan batik industry is a small-scale industry that can employ individual design talents and deals with foreign customers mainly for profit. It is now the most visible of the island's crafts, with large and small galleries and factories, and has grown into many tourist areas.

H. China Batik

Batik is done by ethnic people in southwestern China. The people of Miao, Bouyei, and Gejia use dye resistance methods for their traditional themed clothing. Traditional themed garments are made with decorative fabrics, which they achieve by pattern weaving and wax resistance.

i. African batik

Although modern history would say that batik was introduced to Africa by the Dutch. An earlier philosophy can be traced to Egypt, where batik mummies were used for respiration. The most advanced resistance-dyeing skills can be found in Nigeria where Yoruba Adire manufactures fabrics. The dwarf people of Mali use mud as resistance. Batik was worn as a symbol of dignity, ethnic origin, marriage, cultural ceremonies, etc. Today batik is produced in many parts of Africa and is worn by many Africans as a symbol of culture.

Conclusion

Contemporary batik is much more common due to the past and is clearly different from the formal style. For example, the artist can work with wax recipes and silk, cotton, wool, leather, paper, and even wood and ceramics, with different tools for etching, discharge dyeing, stencils, wax, and paints, with different resistance values.