Green chemistry
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and
processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous
substances. This applies throughout the life cycle of a chemical product,
including its design, manufacture, use, and final disposal. It is also called sustainable chemistry.
Objectives of green chemistry
i.
To prevent pollution at the molecular level
ii.
It is a philosophy that applies to all areas of chemistry, not a single discipline of chemistry.
iii.
It applies innovative scientific solutions to real-world environmental
problems.
iv.
The results in source reduction because it prevents the generation of
pollution.
v.
To reduce the negative impacts of chemical products and processes on human
health and the environment.
vi.
It lessens and sometimes eliminates hazards from existing products and processes
vii.
To reduce their intrinsic hazards, it designs chemical products and processes.
Green chemistry principles
The
twelve Principles of green Chemistry-
i. Prevention - It is better to prevent waste than to
treat or clean it after it has been created.
ii. Atomic Economy - All the ingredients used in the
process in a synthetic way should be tried to be included in the final product.
This means less waste will be generated as a result.
iii. Less hazardous
chemical synthesis -
The use or production of artificially toxic substances to humans or the environment should be avoided.
iv. Designing Safer
Chemicals - Chemical
products should be designed to perform their desired function as they are as
non-toxic as possible.
v. Safe solvents and
auxiliaries - Auxiliary
substances should be avoided wherever possible and used as non-dangerous as
possible.
vi. Design for energy
efficiency - Energy
requirements should be minimized, and processes should be conducted at ambient
temperature and pressure whenever possible.
vii. Use of Renewable Feed
Stocks - Whenever it is
practical to do so, renewable feedstock or raw materials is preferred over
non-renewable ones.
viii. Reduce Derivatives - Unnecessary generation of derivatives
such as the use of protection groups should be reduced or avoided if possible;
such measures require additional reconsideration and may generate additional
waste.
ix. Catalysis - Catalytic recombination that can be
used in small amounts to replicate the reaction is superior to stoichiometric
reagents.
x. Design for degradation - Chemical products should be designed
in such a way that they do not pollute the environment; when their function is
complete, they should be divided into non-harmful products.
xi. Real-Time Analysis for
Pollution Prevention -
Analysis methods need to be further developed to allow real-time, process
monitoring and control before hazardous substances are formed.
xii. Inherently safer
chemistry for accident prevention
- Whenever possible, substances in a process and the forms of those substances
should be chosen to reduce risks such as explosions, fires, and accidental
exposure
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