What is the meaning of sadaqatul Fitr or fetra?
Looking
for the literal meaning of sadaqatul fitr or fetra we find two words sadaqah and
fitra where sadaqah means giving and fitra means breaking. Literally, we see a
gift for breaking which can be called Sadaqatul Fitr. In Islamic terminology,
the obligatory act of worship in Islam is the sadaqatul fitr or fitra which is
given as an expiation for any unintentional mistake or omission of any deed
during fasting or for any reason.
We
know that fasting of Ramadan has been made obligatory for the Muslim Ummah in
the second Hijri of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) gave this
instruction to his ummah by the command of Allah Almighty. Many people have
unknowingly made some mistakes due to the sudden instruction to perform an
obligatory act of worship among their Companions of that time. As an expiation
for these unintentional misdeeds, a certain amount of sadaqah is prescribed
which is known in the history of Islam as sadaqatul fitr or sadaqaye fitar.
It is obligatory to give Fitra on which person
Since
fasting in Ramadan can be a mistake, it is obligatory for all able-bodied
Muslim ummahs to observe it. Here the rich, the young, the old, the free, the
slaves, the women, and the men are all said to be obligatory. In other words, it
has to be realized for any child born till the sighting of the moon in the
month of Shawwal. Those who meet the conditions for receiving zakat can also
receive sadaqatul fitr. It is obligatory for Muslim men and women to pay
sadaqatul fitr if they have a nisab amount of wealth. Fitra has to be paid
before going to Eid prayers.
Masala-Masael of Fitra
What
is the masala or masael of fitra? In answer to such a question, there is a
hadith of Sahih Bukhari and Muslim Sharif first, it is as follows-
Ibn
'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from Rasulullah (peace be upon
him):
The
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) made Sadaqat al-Fitr
obligatory on every Muslim, slave and free, male and female, young and old, one
sa 'of dates or barley.
In
the analysis of this hadith of the world prophet, the muhaddithin has given a
huge description of how to perform Sadaqatul Fitr or Fitra. Fitra must be paid
for free, slaves, men and women, children, and the elderly. However, slaves,
women, children, and the elderly who do not have an income must pay Fitra as a
guardian.
In
this case, if a child is born before Fajr on the morning of Eid-ul-Fitr, it is
obligatory for the guardian to pay the fetra. On the other hand, if a person
dies before Fajr on the morning of Eid-ul-Fitr, it will not be obligatory for
him to pay Sadaqatul-Fitr.
There
are also several hadiths of the Prophet of the World about the obligation to
pay Fitra. The following hadith is significant in this case.
Hazrat
Abdullah bin Abbas (RA) said-
The
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made the zakat of fitra
essential to purify the fasting person from the filthiness of useless,
undesirable, and shameless words or deeds, and to provide good food to the poor.
(Sununu Abi Dawood)
Basically,
this system has been introduced to establish the principle that Islam supports
equality and believes in the bond of equality and friendship by reducing the
gap between rich and poor in society. On the day of Eid, the able-bodied, as well as the poor, should be able to wear good clothes and eat good food so.
Fitra 2022 Islamic Foundation
The
most popular hadith concerning the masala-masa el of Fitra is narrated in Sahih
Bukhari and Muslim Sharif and narrated by the Companion Hazrat ibn Omar (R :).
In the hadith, the beloved Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said that the
fitra will be one sa' number of dates or barley. Besides, we know from other
hadiths that the beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) and his Companions used to
observe dates, barley, wheat or flour, cheese, etc. during their lifetime.
Islamic
scholars also used to observe Fitra with these food items and give
instructions. However, as the financial well-being of the people increased with
the passage of time, the muhaddithin agreed to pay fitra in money equal to the
weight of those goods.
Since
food prices fluctuate over time, the rate of fitra fluctuates from year to year
in terms of money.
In
different countries, the Islamic Foundation determines the rate of fetra. There
is a National Fitra Determination Committee in this regard. This committee
analyzes the market after the start of Ramadan each year and determines the
number of sadaqatul fitr or fetra in the first week of Ramadan. Since Ramadan 2022 started on 2nd/3rd April 2022, the committee issued a notification on 9th April
2022 determining the amount of Sadaqatul Fitr or the amount of Fitra in 2022.
For
Bangladesh, in the meeting room of the National Fitra Determination Committee
in the meeting room of the Islamic Foundation on Saturday, the fitra of 2022
was fixed at a maximum of 2310 taka per person and a minimum of 75 takas. The
committee has fixed Fitra 2022 on the basis of collecting market prices of
wheat, flour, barley, raisins, dates, and cheese from different district cities
and divisions of the country.
How much is one Sa?
Sa
is the most talked about word in the discussion regarding the measurement of
giving fitra. Sa is a vessel used for weighing or measuring in Arabia. Katha
was once used for measuring paddy in Bangladesh. The best wheat in one sa' is 2
kg 40 grams as the shade of the era of Nabi Kareem (saw). Different crops have
different weights. One sa' of rice weighs about 2 kg 500 g. However, one sa of
wheat, barley, maize, dates, etc. weighs more than 2 kg 225 grams.
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The
proof here is the size of the hand, a man of average size that is to say, not
too long and not too short, the Anjali that is formed when such a person puts
his two hands together, the full four Anjali is equal to one sa'.
In
the narration of Hadith, we see that there are descriptions of some food items
in the collection of Fetra. Such as wheat, flour, barley, raisins, dates,
cheese, etc. At the same time, the quantity of the product also varies. Such as
wheat, one sa' should be given and in the case of dates, barley, cheese or
raisins it should be given two sa'.
What will be paid as Fitra?
If
we look at the authentic hadiths narrated during the lifetime of Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his companions, we can see that the Prophet
(peace be upon him) and his beloved Companions performed Fitra with any one of
the products like wheat, flour, barley, raisins, dates, cheese, etc. In this
case, the person will realize it by donating a certain amount of any product
according to his ability.
In
this case, if you want to collect Fitra with good quality wheat or flour, you
have to pay 1 kg 650 gm or its market price is 75 tks.
If
you want to collect with barley, one has to pay fitra with 3 kg 300 gm or its
market price of 300 tks.
On
the other hand, if one wants to pay Fitra with raisins, one has to pay 3 kg 300
gm or its market value is 1,420 tks.
On
the other hand, if you want to pay with dates, it will be 3 kg 300 grams or its
market price is 1,650 tks.
And,
if you do it with cheese, you have to pay 3 kg 300 grams or its market price of
2310 tks.
Since
the hadith speaks of paying Fitra for any one of the products like wheat,
flour, barley, raisins, dates, cheese, etc., it is better to pay Fitra for this
food without paying money.
Above
all are for Bangladesh and in the case of other countries, it will be the market
price of that country.
Limitation
It is against the Sunnah to pay Half sa' a Fitra. There was no wheat in Medina at the time of Mu'awiyah. Wheat was imported from Syria. So, considering the high price, he asked to pay Fitra with Half sa' of wheat. But the prominent companion Abu Saeed Khudri (R) and other companions oppose this ijtihad decision of Mu'awiyah (R) and adhere to the instructions of Rasulullah (sm) and the deeds of the first age. Those who pay Fitra with half sa' of wheat only follow the ruling of Mu'awiyah (R). Imam Nawawi (R) said it is a violation of the Sunnah to pay Half sa' fitra. No one has the right to change the rate of Zakat and Fitra which the Prophet (sm) has fixed. In this regard, Omar (R) wrote a decree and sent it to Amr Ibn Hazm (R) that the nisab of zakat and the rate of zakat in every nishab, the rate is fixed by Allah through His Messenger forever. No one has the right to change it in any era, in any country.
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