Introduction
Fabric
construction involves the transformation of yarn and sometimes fibers that are
characterized by the materials and methods used. Most fabrics are currently
produced by some methods of interlacing such as weaving or knitting. Weaving is
the main method of fabric production at present, including basic looms, plain or
tabby, towel and satin, and fancy looms, including pile, jacquard, dobby, and
gauze. Knitted fabrics are growing rapidly with importance and include types of
knitting and types of warp, Russell and Tricot.
Woven fabric
Woven
fabrics are produced from yarn in a regular sequence binding system, or weave.
Weaving is a combination of warp and weft elements to create a woven structure.
The elements do not need to be parallel to each other or cross each other at
right angles, but most woven structures are made up of two sets of elements,
both flexible and crossing at right angles. Weaving is separated from the warp
and weft knitting, braiding, and net making so that these subsequent processes
use only one set of ingredients. Weaving
is the most commonly used construction method because it is cheap, generally
simple, and adaptable. Household, clothing, and industrial textile purpose
woven fabrics are used.
Different types of weave
Different types of weave are as follows-
Plain weave
Plain,
or tabby, weave, the easiest and most common of all weaves, requires only two
pairs of harnesses and each weaving unit consists of two warp and weft yarns.
To produce this, the warp yarns are held parallel to the tension when a crosswise weft yarn is shot across the width of the web and under the alternate
straps. The knitting unit is finished at the end of the second row, while the
weft is inserted at the top and at the bottom of the opposite set of warps so
that the previous weft is fixed in place. Woven tabby with different sizes of
warp and weft yarn is applied to the taffeta and poplin-like fabrics, in which
many fine warps are interlaced with proportionately less dense weft yarns to
form crosswise rugs or ribbed fabrics.
Satin weave
Satin
refers to the weaving of the fabric rather than the elements. It usually has a
glossy surface and a dull back, a plain weave, and twill in three basic types
of textile fabrics. Satin weaving is characterized by floating yarn on four or
more fill or weft yarns, and four warp yarns floating on a single weft yarn. Floats
are missed interfacings, for example where the warp yarn rests on top of the
weft in a warp-faced satin. These floats explain high brightness even gloss, as, unlike other weaves, light-reflecting fibers do not spread as much. Satin is
usually a warp-faced weaving technique that floats the warp yarn over the weft
yarn, although there is left-facing satin. When a fabric is made with a satin
weave using filament fibers like silk, polyester, or nylon, the corresponding
fabric is called satin, although some definitions emphasize that the fabric
should be made of silk. If the yarns used are short-core yarns like cotton, the
fabric formed is considered satin.
Twill weave
Twill
is a type of textile weave with a triangular parallel rib type. It is one of
the three basic types of textile weave, along with plain weave and satin weave.
It is created by passing the weft thread after one or more warp threads then
under two or more warp threads and between rows to create the characteristic
diagonal pattern with one more step or with an offset. Because of this structure,
twill usually drapes. Twill fabrics technically have front and backsides, in
contrast to the plain weave, both sides of which have the same sides. The front
side of the twill fabric is called the technical face and the backside is
called the technical back. A double knitted fabric side of the technical face
with the most pronounced wale; is usually more durable and more attractive,
often used as the fashion side of the fabric, and is visible during knitting.
If there is a warp float in the technical face, then there is a floating float
behind the technology. If the twill well goes to the right on one side, it will
go to the left on the other side. Knitted fabrics have no “up” and “down”.
Gauze weave
Gauze
is a thin, transparent fabric with a loose open weave. In technical terms,
gauze is a weaving structure where the weft yarns are arranged in pairs and the weft is firmly in place before and after each warp yarn. This weave structure
is used to add stability to the fabric, it is very important to keep the yarns
finely spaced but this weave structure can be used with yarns of any weight and
is seen in a few rustic textiles made from thick hand-span plant fiber yarn.
The gauze was originally made of silk and used for clothing. It is now used for
a variety of things, including gauze sponges, for medical purposes. When used
as a medical dressing, the gauge is usually made of cotton. This is especially
useful for wound dressings where other fabrics may be burnt or worn out. Much
modern treatment gauze is covered with a perforated film of plastic such as
Telfa or polyblend prevents direct contact and further reduces wound
adhesion.
Pile weave
Pile weave is a form of textile that is produced by weaving. This type of fabric is
characterized by a pile - a looped or tufted surface that extends over the
primary foundation or ground weave. The pile is made up of complementary yarn
driven towards the length of the fabric (warp pile weaving) or the width of the
fabric (weft or pile wave filling). Pile weaves include velvet and corduroy
fabrics and machine-woven barbed carpets. Pile fabrics were originally made in
conventional handlooms. The warp ends used to form the pile is woven on metal
rods or wires that are woven into the shed during weaving. Warp pile waves can
also be made in looms by twisting the pile yarn around the rod during weaving.
The stacked yarn is looped over the looped rods. When a rod is pulled out the
pile of yarn remains as a loop over the base fabric. The edge of the pile on
top of the rod can be left as a pile of loops, or cut into cut piles or velvet
formations.
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