Textile fabric | Characteristics & Textile fabric list

Textile fabric

A textile fabric is a fabric that is woven, knitted, tufted, knotted, or bonded together using natural or synthetic threads, yarns, and other materials. Popular fabrics include cotton and leather, but even seaweed and gold have been used to make textiles. It is important to understand the differences found between different textile fabrics in the design industry. The origins of textile fabrics include animal, plant, and mineral as well as man-made synthetic materials.

The functionality of textile fabric in any end product stems from the combined contribution of three key components: fiber type, yarn type, and fabric construction. Ignoring any of these three elements in the textile design process can lead to the failure of the functional properties of the final product. It should also be noted that the amount of perforation in a fabric structure will often play an important factor in its final performance depending on the desired application. In other words, unlike other solid structures, air volume represents an important element in textile design, both traditional and technical.

In traditional textiles, air permeability is a key aspect of many functional properties such as heat and tactile comfort. The air component provides plenty of fiber mobility to the fabric structure, which is essential for fit and shape stability. In technical textiles, the degree of porosity can play an important role in many applications, including filtration, extraction, and acoustic insulation.

Textile fabrics generally have the property of being soft and pliable which has the ability to mold or drape on non-flat surfaces. The hand of the fabric is very important in determining its acceptability for many applications. For example, to get the desired characteristics of clothing, the fabric must be made from fine yarn; there must be some freedom for them to move within the fabric structure. The sensation felt during contact between human skin and fabric is determined to some extent by the stiffness of the hair or the loop of fiber that is projected from the surface of the fabric. As delicate as this outstanding hair or fiber, soft fabrics feel light touch. For this reason, many fabrics are made from fine filaments or fibers.

Characteristics of textile fabric

The properties and characteristics of fabrics vary depending on their texture, pattern, design, and structure.

i. Textile fabric must have economical value.

ii. It is durable

iii. It may washable or not washable both are common.

iv. Easy to wear

v. Soft next to the skin

vi. Breathable

vii. It must have moisture-absorbent power

viii. Must be practical

ix. It must have a good tensile strength

x. It may be woven, knitted, or non-woven.

Textile fabric list

a. Cotton Fabric

b. Denim Fabric

c. Printed Fabric

d. Digital Print Fabric

e. Net Fabric

f. Nylon fabric

g. Polyester Fabric

h. Georgette Fabric

i. Taffeta Fabric

j. Jacquard Fabric

k. Pure Silk fabric

l. Weightless Fabric

m. Garment Fabric

n. Chiffon Fabric

o. Knitted Fabric

p. Woven Fabric

q. Non-Woven Fabric

r. Embroidered Fabric

s. Rayon Fabric

t. Linen Fabric

u. Khadi Fabric

v. Twill Fabric

w. Handloom Fabrics

x. Lycra Fabrics

y. Synthetic Fabric

z. Fleece fabrics

aa. Organza fabrics

bb. Flannel fabrics

cc. Batik fabrics

dd. Minky fabrics

ee. Quilt fabrics

ff. Canvas fabrics

gg. Recycled fabric

hh. Eco-friendly fabric

ii. Functional fabrics

jj. Outdoor fabrics

kk. Carbon fiber fabric

ll. Industrial fabric

mm. Aramid fabrics

nn. Metallic fabrics

oo. Woolen fabrics

pp. Mattress fabrics

qq. Crepe fabric

rr. Dyed fabrics

ss. Lining fabrics

tt. Furnishing fabrics

uu. Tricot fabrics

vv. Tarpaulin fabrics

ww. Acrylic fabric

xx. Blended fabric

yy. Cambric fabric

zz. Organdy fabric

aaa. Duck fabric

bbb. Heatproof fabric

ccc. Hemp fabric

ddd. Lace fabric

eee. Muslin fabric

fff. Oxford fabric

ggg. Pique fabric

hhh. Ramie fabric

iii. Raschel fabric

jjj. Ripstop fabric

kkk. Spunbond fabric

lll. Spunlace nonwoven fabric

mmm. Suede fabric

nnn. Tapestry fabric

ooo. Tencel fabric

ppp. Terry fabric

qqq. Thermal fabric

rrr. Tweed fabric

sss. Ultrasonic non-woven fabric

uuu. Velveteen fabric

vvv. Vinyl fabric

www. Voile fabric

xxx.Waterproof fabric

yyy. Breathable fabric

zzz. Worsted fabric

ai. Tissue fabric

bi. Flock fabric

ci. Microfiber fabric

di. Greige fabrics

ei. Italian fabric

fi. Nighty fabric

The textile fabric finishing process

The term finishing includes all commercially employed mechanical and chemical processes to improve product acceptability, except for methods related to color only. The purpose of the various finishing processes is to make the fabric from the loom or knitting frame more acceptable to the consumer.

Burling and mending

Newly-made products, which often show imperfections, are carefully inspected and defects are usually repaired by hand operation. The first inspection of woolen and worsted cloth is called perching. Burling mainly applied to woolen, worsted, spun rayon, and cotton fabrics are the process of removing residual foreign objects such as burrs and any loose threads, knots, and unwanted slabs. Eliminates defects such as holes or tears, broken yarn, and missed warp or weft yarn, mending often necessary for woolens and worsteds.

Scouring

Scouring is the initial treatment of certain textile materials. It removes soluble and insoluble impurities found in textiles as natural, additive, and stimulant impurities, for example, oils, waxes, fats, vegetable substances, as well as dirt. Removing these contaminants by scouring prepares the fabric for subsequent processes such as bleaching and dyeing.

Bleaching

Bleaching, the process of whitening fabric by removing natural dyes, such as linen tan, is usually performed by chemicals selected according to the chemical composition of the fiber. Chemical bleaching is usually done by oxidation, destroying the color by applying oxygen, or reducing, removing the color by hydrogenation. Cotton and other cellulosic fibers are usually treated with heated alkaline hydrogen peroxide; Wool and other animal fibers are subjected to acid-reducing agents such as gaseous sulfur dioxide or mild alkaline oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. Synthetic fibers, when they require bleaching, can be treated with oxidizing or reducing agents depending on their chemical composition. Cotton is often stained and bleached by a continuous process.

Mercerization

Mercerization is a process that is applied to cotton and sometimes in cotton blends to increase luster, improve strength and improve their relationship to color and give the cotton silk-like luster. The process, which can be applied at the yarn or fabric stage, is immersed in excitation in a caustic soda solution, which is then neutralized to acid. Treated fibers produce permanent swelling.

Napping

Napping is a process that can be applied to both woven and knitted types of wool, cotton, spun silk, and spun rayon to enhance the velvet, soft surface. In this process the fabric is transmitted over a rotating cylinder covered with fine wire which consists of small, loose fibers, usually from the loom yarn, lifted to the surface, creating asleep. This procedure, which increases the warmth, is frequently applied to woolens and, worsteds of all, blankets.

Shearing

Shearing cuts the raised nap to uniform heights and is used for the same purpose in pile cloth. Shearing machines work a lot like rotary lawnmowers and the amount of shearing depends on the sleeping or pile at the desired height, as fabrics like gabardine get shearing from very close. Shearing can be applied to create stripes and other patterns by changing the height of the surface.

Brushing

This process is applied to a variety of fabrics that is usually accomplished by Bristol-covered rollers. The process is used to finish loose threads and short fibers from smooth surface fabrics and is also used to nap on knit and woven fabrics. Brushing is applied frequently after shearing the cloth, removing the cut fibers that fall into the nap.

Singeing

Loose fibers protruding on the surface of textile products are singed to remove them. When applied to cotton-containing fabrics, it results in increased moisture, better dyeing properties, improved reflection, no frosty appearance, a smoother surface, more precision in printing, improved visibility of the fabric structure, less pilling, and reduced contamination through fluff and lint removal. Protruding fibers are usually passed on one or both sides of the fabric over a gas flame to burn. This is usually the first step after weaving or knitting, although the fabric can be brushed first to increase the surface fibers.

Beetling

Beetling is a process that is applied to linen fabrics and cotton fabrics that are made similar to linen to create a hard, flat surface with high luster and the texture are less porous. In this process, the damp and wound cloth is passed around an iron cylinder through a machine where it is hit with a heavy wooden mallet.

Calendaring

Calendaring is a final process where heat and pressure are applied to cloth through a heated roller, which provides a flat, glossy, smooth surface. As the level of heat and pressure increases, the luminosity increases. Calendaring is applied to fabrics where a smooth, flat surface is desirable, such as mostly cotton, many linen and silk, and various synthetic fabrics. In velvet-like fabrics, a flat surface is not desirable and the fabric evaporates in excitement without pressure. When the wool is applied, the process is called pressing and employs heavy heated metal plates to steam and press the cloth. This is not usually a permanent process.